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<title>Camera operator</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Camera operator</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cameraman" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="Cameraman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cameraman (disambiguation)">Cameraman (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For broader coverage of this topic, see <a href="Cinematography" title="Cinematography">Cinematography</a> and <a href="Videography" title="Videography">Videography</a>.</div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Film_director" title="Film director">film director</a> or <a href="Television_director" title="Television director">television director</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>camera operator</b>, or depending on the context <b>cameraman</b> or <b>camerawoman</b>, is a professional <a href="Operator_(profession)" title="Operator (profession)">operator</a> of a <a href="Movie_camera" title="Movie camera">film camera</a> or <a href="Video_camera" title="Video camera">video camera</a> as part of a <a href="Film_crew" title="Film crew">film crew</a>. The term "cameraman" does not necessarily imply that a male is performing the task.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties_and_functions">Duties and functions</h2></div>

<p>In <a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>, the <a href="Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">cinematographer</a> or director of photography (DP or DoP) is responsible for bringing Director's vision to life on screen. The Cinematographer or Director of Photography handles all the technical aspects of visual storytelling and is the head of the camera crew and light crew on the set. The DP may operate the camera themselves, or enlist the aid of a camera operator or second cameraman to operate it or set the controls. The first assistant cameraman (1st AC), also known as a <a href="Focus_puller" title="Focus puller">focus puller</a>, is responsible for maintenance of the camera, such as clearing dirt from the <a href="Film_gate" title="Film gate">film gate</a> and adjusting the <a href="Follow_focus" title="Follow focus">follow focus</a>. A second assistant cameraman (2nd AC), also known as a <a href="Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">clapper loader</a>, might be employed to load film, <a href="Clapperboard" title="Clapperboard">slate scenes</a>, or maintain the camera report (a log of <a href="Scene_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scene (filmmaking)">scenes</a>, <a href="Take#Film" title="Take">takes</a>, <a href="Film_stock" title="Film stock">rolls</a>, <a href="Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">photographic filters</a> used, and other production data).<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kodak_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kodak-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A camera operator in a <a href="Video_production" title="Video production">video production</a> may be known by titles like <em>television camera operator</em>, <em>video camera operator</em>, or <em><a href="Videographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Videographer">videographer</a></em>, depending on the context and technology involved, usually operating a <a href="Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">professional video camera</a>. As of 2016, there were approximately 59,300 television, video, and motion picture camera operators employed in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Important camera operator skills include choreographing and framing <a href="Shot_(filmmaking)" title="Shot (filmmaking)">shots</a>, knowledge of and the ability to select appropriate <a href="Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">camera lenses</a>, and other equipment (<a href="Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">dollies</a>, <a href="Camera_crane" class="mw-redirect" title="Camera crane">camera cranes</a>, etc.) to portray dramatic scenes. The principles of dramatic storytelling and <a href="Film_editing" title="Film editing">film editing</a> fundamentals are also important skills. The camera operator is required to communicate clearly and concisely on sets where time and <a href="Film_budget" class="mw-redirect" title="Film budget">film budget</a> constraints are ever present.<sup id="cite_ref-Brown_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Camera operator in a sports stadium <a href="2023_World_Men's_Handball_Championship" title="2023 World Men's Handball Championship">2023 World Men's Handball Championship</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A football camera operator shoots the Italy national team before a match (2021)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Camera operator during <a href="2023_European_Games" title="2023 European Games">2023 European Games</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Cameramen operating Newton stabilized remote heads on spidercam cablecam systems flying over the audience at Metallica tour (2019)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"> A live TV studio cameraman watches a football game on the monitors in the studio in between broadcasts (2018)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">War camera operator (2006)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Margery Ordway, one of the first women camera operators of the silent film era (1916)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A camera operator atop <a href="Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a> (1926)</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAscherPincus2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Steven_Ascher" title="Steven Ascher">Ascher, Steven</a>; <a href="Ed_Pincus" title="Ed Pincus">Pincus, Edward</a> (2007). "The Shoot". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmmakershandbo00asch_0"><i>The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). <a href="Plume_(publisher)" title="Plume (publisher)">Plume</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmmakershandbo00asch_0/page/315">315</a>-316. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-452-28678-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-kodak-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kodak_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kodak.com/us/en/motion/education/publications/shooting/camera_report/default.htm">"Before You Shoot: Camera report"</a>. <i>kodak.com</i>. <a href="Eastman_Kodak_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastman Kodak Company">Eastman Kodak Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325120847/https://www.kodak.com/US/en/motion/Education/Publications/Shooting/Camera_Report/default.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Brown-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Blain (2012). "Set Operations". <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cinematographyth00brow"><i>Cinematography: Theory and Practice</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). <a href="Focal_Press" title="Focal Press">Focal Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cinematographyth00brow/page/n303">289</a>-306. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-240-81209-0</bdi>. <a href="LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011010755">2011010755</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and-communication/film-and-video-editors-and-camera-operators.htm">"Occupational Outlook Handbook: Film and Video Editors and Camera Operators"</a>. <a href="United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a>, <a href="Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418094633/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/media-and-communication/film-and-video-editors-and-camera-operators.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Film_crew_(filmmaking)30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a> (<a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmaking</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Above_the_line30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Above-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Above-the-line (filmmaking)">Above the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Actor" title="Actor">Actor</a>

<ul><li><a href="Leading_actor" title="Leading actor">Leading actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Supporting_actor" title="Supporting actor">Supporting actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Ensemble_cast" title="Ensemble cast">Ensemble cast</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_actor" title="Character actor">Character actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Child_actor" title="Child actor">Child actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">Cameo actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Bit_part" title="Bit part">Bit actor</a></li>

<li><a href="Under-five" title="Under-five">Under-five</a></li>

<li><a href="Voice_acting" title="Voice acting">Voice actor</a></li></ul></li>

<li><br><a href="Film_director" title="Film director">Film director</a></li>

<li><a href="Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li>

<li><a href="Line_producer" title="Line producer">Line producer</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">Casting director</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Below_the_line30" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Below-the-line_(filmmaking)" title="Below-the-line (filmmaking)">Below the line</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pre-production/Production204" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pre-production" title="Pre-production">Pre-production</a>/<br><a href="Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_coordinator" title="Production coordinator">Production coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_accountant" class="mw-redirect" title="Production accountant">Production accountant</a></li>

<li><a href="Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_assistant" title="Production assistant">Production assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Script_supervisor" title="Script supervisor">Script supervisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Script_coordinator" title="Script coordinator">Script coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Location_scouting" title="Location scouting">Location scout</a></li>

<li><a href="Storyboard_artist" title="Storyboard artist">Storyboard artist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Principal_photography" title="Principal photography">Photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer / director of photography</a></li>

<li>

<ul><li><a href="Focus_puller" title="Focus puller">Focus puller</a></li>

<li><a href="Clapper_loader" title="Clapper loader">Clapper loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Digital_imaging_technician" title="Digital imaging technician">Digital imaging technician</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_unit" title="Second unit">Second unit</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaffer_(occupation)" title="Gaffer (occupation)">Gaffer</a>

<ul><li><a href="Best_boy" title="Best boy">Best boy electric</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighting_technician" title="Lighting technician">Lighting technician</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dolly_grip" title="Dolly grip">Dolly grip</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production <br> design</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Set_(film_and_TV_scenery)" title="Set (film and TV scenery)">Sets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_director#In_film" title="Art director">Art director</a></li>

<li><a href="Set_decorator" title="Set decorator">Set decorator</a></li>

<li><a href="Set_dresser" title="Set dresser">Set dresser</a></li>

<li><a href="Swing_gang" title="Swing gang">Swing gang</a></li>

<li><a href="Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painter</a></li>

<li><a href="Scenic_design" title="Scenic design">Scenic design</a></li>

<li><a href="Greensman" title="Greensman">Greensman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Props" class="mw-redirect" title="Props">Props</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Property_master" title="Property master">Property master</a></li>

<li><a href="Weapons_master" title="Weapons master">Weapons master</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Costume" title="Costume">Wardrobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Wardrobe_supervisor" title="Wardrobe supervisor">Wardrobe supervisor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special<br>effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Special_effects_supervisor" title="Special effects supervisor">Special effects supervisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_effects_supervisor" title="Visual effects supervisor">Visual effects supervisor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hairdresser" title="Hairdresser">Hairdresser</a></li>

<li><a href="Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Director_of_audiography" title="Director of audiography">Director of audiography / sound director</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_sound_mixer" title="Production sound mixer">Production sound mixer</a></li>

<li><a href="Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">Boom operator</a></li>

<li><a href="Utility_sound_technician" title="Utility sound technician">Utility sound technician</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Animation_department" title="Animation department">Animation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Animator" title="Animator">Animator</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Conceptual_model" title="Conceptual model">Modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">Rigging</a></li>

<li><a href="Layout_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Layout artist">Layout artist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Talent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Acting" title="Acting">Acting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Acting_coach" title="Acting coach">Acting coach</a></li>

<li><a href="Body_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Body double">Body double</a></li>

<li><a href="Dialect_coach" title="Dialect coach">Dialect coach</a></li>

<li><a href="Movement_director" title="Movement director">Movement director</a></li>

<li><a href="Choreography" title="Choreography">Choreographer</a></li>

<li><a href="Extra_(acting)" title="Extra (acting)">Extra</a></li>

<li><a href="Talent_agent" title="Talent agent">Talent agent</a></li>

<li><a href="Stand-in" title="Stand-in">Stand-in</a></li>

<li><a href="Acting_instructor" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting instructor">Acting instructor</a></li>

<li><a href="Intimacy_coordinator" title="Intimacy coordinator">Intimacy coordinator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Stunts" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunts">Stunts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stunt_coordinator" title="Stunt coordinator">Stunt coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Stunt_double" class="mw-redirect" title="Stunt double">Stunt double</a></li>

<li><a href="Stunt_performer" title="Stunt performer">Stunt performer</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_combat" title="Stage combat">Stage combat</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wrangler_(profession)#Film_industry" title="Wrangler (profession)">Animal wrangler</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Post-production" title="Post-production">Post-production</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Picture" class="mw-redirect" title="Picture">Picture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Film_editing" title="Film editing">Film editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_grading" title="Color grading">Colorist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sound_design" title="Sound design">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">Sound editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Dialogue_editor" title="Dialogue editor">Dialogue editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Re-recording_mixer" title="Re-recording mixer">Re-recording mixer</a></li>

<li><a href="Foley_(filmmaking)" title="Foley (filmmaking)">Foley artist</a>

<ul><li><a href="Voice_foley" title="Voice foley">Voice foley</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dubbing</a></li>

<li><a href="Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Subtitles</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Film_score" title="Film score">Score</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_supervisor" title="Music supervisor">Music supervisor</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Music editor (filmmaking)">Music editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Orchestration" title="Orchestration">Orchestrator</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual<br>effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="VFX_creative_director" title="VFX creative director">VFX creative director</a></li>

<li><a href="Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual effects editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositor</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li>

<li><a href="Rendering_(computer_graphics)" title="Rendering (computer graphics)">Rendering</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Technical_director#Film" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Unit_still_photographer" title="Unit still photographer">Unit still photographer</a></li>

<li><a href="Craft_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft services">Craft services</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Television_production117" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Television_production117" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Television_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Television production">Television production</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Main / general</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Audience" title="Audience">Audience</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_network" title="Broadcast network">Broadcast network</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_television" title="History of television">History of television</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_crew" title="Television crew">Television crew</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_show" title="Television show">Television show</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_studio" title="Television studio">Television studio</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Central_apparatus_room" title="Central apparatus room">Central apparatus room</a></li>

<li><a href="Changing_room" title="Changing room">Changing room</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_control" title="Master control">Master control room</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_operations_center" title="Network operations center">Network operations center</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_control_room" title="Production control room">Production control room</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_(theatre)" title="Stage (theatre)">Stage (theatre)</a></li>

<li><a href="Transmission_control_room" title="Transmission control room">Transmission control room</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Profiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Celebrity" title="Celebrity">Celebrity</a></li>

<li><a href="Director_of_network_programming" title="Director of network programming">Director of network programming</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li>

<li><a href="Sports_commentator" title="Sports commentator">Sports commentator</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="News_director" title="News director">News director</a></li>

<li><a href="Showrunner" title="Showrunner">Showrunner</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Casting_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Casting director">Casting director</a></li>

<li><a href="Costume_designer" title="Costume designer">Costume designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_director" title="Television director">TV director</a></li>

<li><a href="Assistant_director" title="Assistant director">Assistant director</a></li>

<li><a href="Location_manager" title="Location manager">Location manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Make-up_artist" title="Make-up artist">Make-up artist</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_designer" title="Production designer">Production designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Researcher" class="mw-redirect" title="Researcher">Researcher</a></li>

<li><a href="Set_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Set designer">Set designer</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_producer" title="Television producer">TV producer</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_program_creator" class="mw-redirect" title="Television program creator">Television program creator</a></li>

<li><a href="Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li>

<li><a href="Line_producer" title="Line producer">Line producer</a></li>

<li><a href="Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Production manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Writer" title="Writer">Writer</a></li>

<li><a href="Head_writer" title="Head writer">Head writer</a></li>

<li><a href="Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></li>

<li><a href="Script_editor" title="Script editor">Script editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Story_editor" title="Story editor">Story editor</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Audio_engineer" title="Audio engineer">Audio engineer</a></li>

<li><a href="Boom_operator_(media)" title="Boom operator (media)">Boom operator</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinematographer" title="Cinematographer">Cinematographer</a></li>

<li><a href="Videographer" class="mw-redirect" title="Videographer">Videographer</a></li>

<li>Character generator (CG) <a href="Operator_(profession)" title="Operator (profession)">operator</a></li>

<li><a href="Studio_floor_manager" title="Studio floor manager">Studio floor manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Graphics_coordinator" title="Graphics coordinator">Graphics coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage manager">Stage manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaffer_(motion_picture_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaffer (motion picture industry)">gaffer</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolly_grip" title="Dolly grip">Dolly grip</a></li>

<li><a href="Unit_production_manager" title="Unit production manager">Unit production manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_assistant" title="Production assistant">Production assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Stunt_coordinator" title="Stunt coordinator">Stunt coordinator</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_director" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_director" title="Television director">Television director</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcast_engineering" title="Broadcast engineering">Broadcast engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="Technical_director#Television" title="Technical director">Technical director</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-production</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sound_editor_(filmmaking)" title="Sound editor (filmmaking)">Sound editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Foley_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Foley artist">Foley artist</a></li>

<li><a href="Composer" title="Composer">Composer</a></li>

<li><a href="Color_grading" title="Color grading">Colorist</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_editing" title="Film editing">Editor</a></li>

<li><a href="Publicist" title="Publicist">Publicist</a></li>

<li><a href="VFX" class="mw-redirect" title="VFX">Visual effects artist</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Types, formats<br>and genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beauty_pageant" title="Beauty pageant">Beauty pageant</a></li>

<li><a href="Broadcasting_of_sports_events" title="Broadcasting of sports events">Broadcasting of sports events</a></li>

<li><a href="TV_commercial" class="mw-redirect" title="TV commercial">TV commercials</a></li>

<li><a href="Event_television" title="Event television">Event television</a></li>

<li><a href="Live_television" title="Live television">Live television</a></li>

<li><a href="Variety_show" title="Variety show">Variety show</a></li>

<li><a href="Police_crime_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Police crime drama">Police crime drama</a></li>

<li><a href="Reality_television" title="Reality television">Reality television</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_film" title="Television film">Television film</a>

<ul><li><a href="Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">Documentary film</a></li>

<li><a href="Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">Mockumentary</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Television_show" title="Television show">Television show</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_special" title="Television special">Television special</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Series6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Animated_series" title="Animated series">Animated series</a></li>

<li><a href="Limited-run_series" title="Limited-run series">Limited-run series</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniseries" title="Miniseries">Miniseries</a></li>

<li><a href="Procedural_drama" title="Procedural drama">Procedural drama</a></li>

<li><a href="Serial_(radio_and_television)" title="Serial (radio and television)">Serial</a></li>

<li><a href="Sitcom" title="Sitcom">Sitcom</a></li>

<li><a href="Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">Soap opera</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Late-night_talk_show" title="Late-night talk show">Late-night talk show</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Breaking_news" title="Breaking news">Breaking news</a></li>

<li><a href="Debate_show" title="Debate show">Debate show</a></li>

<li><a href="News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">News broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_commentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Political commentary">Political commentary</a></li>

<li><a href="Traffic_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic reports">Traffic reports</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_forecasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Weather forecasts">Weather forecasts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Valuation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Audience_measurement" title="Audience measurement">Audience measurement</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_television_awards" title="List of television awards">List of television awards</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_content_rating_system" title="Television content rating system">Television content rating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_criticism" title="Television criticism">Television criticism</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Broadcast_reference_monitor" title="Broadcast reference monitor">Broadcast reference monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="Character_generator" title="Character generator">Character generator</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_on-screen_graphic" title="Digital on-screen graphic">Digital on-screen graphic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixing_console" title="Mixing console">Mixing console</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microphone" title="Microphone">Microphones</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Multiple-camera_setup" title="Multiple-camera setup">Multiple-camera setup</a></li>

<li><a href="Outside_broadcasting" title="Outside broadcasting">Outside broadcasting</a></li>

<li><a href="Production_truck" title="Production truck">Production truck</a></li>

<li><a href="Professional_video_camera" title="Professional video camera">Professional video camera</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Stage lighting</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lighting_control_console" title="Lighting control console">Lighting control console</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vision_mixer" title="Vision mixer">Vision mixer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Agenda-setting_theory" title="Agenda-setting theory">Agenda-setting</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">Concentration of media ownership</a></li>

<li><a href="Counterculture" title="Counterculture">Counterculture</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li>

<li><a href="Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li>

<li><a href="Influence_of_mass_media" title="Influence of mass media">Influence of mass media</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_activism" title="Media activism">Media activism</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_manipulation" title="Media manipulation">Media manipulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">Public opinion</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Regulation10" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Broadcast_law" title="Broadcast law">Broadcast law</a></li>

<li><a href="Bleep_censor" title="Bleep censor">Bleep censor</a></li>

<li><a href="Communications_law" title="Communications law">Communications law</a></li>

<li><a href="Entertainment_law" title="Entertainment law">Entertainment law</a></li>

<li><a href="Fairness_Doctrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairness Doctrine">Fairness Doctrine</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_policy" title="Media policy">Media policy</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_reform" title="Media reform">Media reform</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Media regulation">Media regulation</a></li>

<li><a href="Pixelization" title="Pixelization">Pixelization</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Media_culture" title="Media culture">Media culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Media_studies" title="Media studies">Media studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Television_studies" title="Television studies">Television studies</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208175#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1277" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208175#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1277" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kameraoperateur"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1042791724">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kameraoperateurin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1042791775">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2002011142">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121665011">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121665011">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007530434305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/bcfe899b-7a78-4351-9566-7a1dfebed58c">Yale LUX</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Camera_operator&oldid=1293808390">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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